The search equation comprises which elements?

• A. Looking for evidence only
• B. LE + looking for evidence
• C. PC only
• D. LE + looking for evidence + PC

Answer: (D)

The search equation hinges on three pieces: who is conducting the search, what they are searching for, and the legal justification for the search. Law enforcement must be the actor carrying out the search, since a search by an authorized agency under proper authority is required. The objective must be to find evidence relevant to the case, outlining the purpose of the search. And there must be a legal basis, usually probable cause, to justify the search or the particular exception that allows it. When all three are present—law enforcement, looking for evidence, and probable cause—the search is properly framed. If any one element is missing, the search lacks an essential component: without the authorized actor, the purpose, or the justification, the search isn’t aligned with proper procedure.