Which statement best describes when Miranda warnings are required?

• A. Custody is required to trigger warnings
• B. Interrogation alone triggers warnings
• C. Custody not required but interrogation triggers warnings
• D. Neither custody nor interrogation triggers warnings

Answer: (C)

The main idea here is that Miranda warnings are required only when two things happen together: you’re in custody and you’re being interrogated by the police. Custody means a situation where a reasonable person would not feel free to leave. Interrogation means direct questioning or its functional equivalent that is designed to get an incriminating answer. If either piece is missing—no custody or no questioning—Miranda warnings are not triggered. There is a narrow public-safety exception where officers can ask questions without warnings to address an immediate threat, but that doesn’t change the basic rule. So the correct understanding is that warnings appear only during custodial interrogation, not merely because someone is being questioned or merely because someone is in custody.